Authors : William Arthur Leo; Muhammad Nur; Asep Yoyo Wardaya; Eko Yulianto

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mr2hnmu5

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/bdz32x2x

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar2065

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The optimization of operational parameters in Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma technology was highly crucial for generating intensive active species while maintaining efficient energy consumption. This study aimed to analyze the influence of ambient air flow rates on the excitation populations of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) and energy efficiency (EE) through the utilization of Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) instruments. Flow rate variations were administered within a range of 2 LPM to 10 LPM. The OES characterization results confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (OH) radicals, the nitrogen (N2) second positive system, and atomic oxygen (O). The findings demonstrated that an increase in the flow rate induced a significant reduction in the emission intensities of all identified active species. Physically, this phenomenon was governed by the transition of ion mobility from a kinetic control regime to a convective control regime, which shortened the residence time of the species within the discharge zone. The highest Specific Energy Input (SEI) and optimal energy efficiency were identified at the minimum flow rate 2 LPM, where the energy density was capable of triggering maximum ionization prior to the dominance of gas drag forces and quenching phenomena. his study provided critical parameters for the design of efficient ambient air DBD plasma reactors intended for pollutant remediation and energy conversion applications.

Keywords : Energy Efficiency, Flow Rate Ion Mobility, Quenching, Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Specific Energy Input.

References :

1. R. Garcia-Villalva, M. Biset-Peiro, A. Alarcon, S. Murcia-Lopez, and J. Guilera, “Catalytic bed configuration on the valorization of greenhouse gases by DBD,” vol. 525, no. October, p. 16815, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.169815.
2. L. Li et al., “Carbon Capture Science & Technology Dielectric barrier discharge plasma catalysis for CO 2 conversion : Recent progress and perspectives,” Carbon Capture Sci. Technol., vol. 16, p. 100485, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100485.
3. S. M. Pormazar et al., “Evolution and mechanistic enhancement of a novel dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor for efficient dexamethasone degradation in aqueous solutions,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 524, p. 169191, 2025.
4. K. Li et al., “Journal of Colloid And Interface Science Plasma catalytic ammonia synthesis in a fluidized-bed DBD reactor over M / Al 2 O 3 : Enhancement of plasma-catalyst surface interaction,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 683, no. P1, pp. 652–662, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.12.055.
5. D. Korzec et al., “Hybrid Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor : Production of Reactive Oxygen – Nitrogen Species in Humid Air,” Plama, vol. 8, pp. 1–28, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma8030027.
6. X. Yang, J. Li, and J. Cheng, “Effects of single and double dielectric barrier discharges on electric fields , discharge characteristics , reactive species , and microbial inactivation of food pathogens,” Food Res. Int., vol. 221, no. P1, p. 117307, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117307.
7. C. Chen et al., “Degradation of micropollutants in secondary wastewater effluent using nonthermal plasma-based AOPs : The roles of free radicals and molecular oxidants,” Water Res., vol. 235, p. 119881, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119881.
8. H. Sulemana et al., “Synthesis and characterization of nickel ferrite ( NiFe 2 O 4 ) nano-catalyst films for ciprofloxacin degradation,” Ceram. Int., vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 8376–8387, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.268.
9. M. Hitzemann, C. Schaefer, A. T. Kirk, A. Nitschke, M. Lippmann, and S. Zimmermann, “Analytica Chimica Acta Easy to assemble dielectric barrier discharge plasma ionization source based on printed circuit boards,” Anal. Chim. Acta, vol. 1239, p. 340649, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340649.
10. C. Tian, N. Ahlmann, S. Brandt, J. Franzke, and G. Niu, “Optical characterization of miniature flexible micro-tube plasma (FμTP) ionization source A dielectric guided discharge,” 2021. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2021.106222.
11. Y. Wang, Y. Chen, J. Harding, H. He, and A. Bogaerts, “Catalyst-free single-step plasma reforming of CH 4 and CO 2 to higher value oxygenates under ambient conditions,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 450, no. P1, p. 137860, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137860.
12. C. Chen et al., “Degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS ) in water by use of a nonthermal plasma-ozonation cascade reactor : Role of different processes and reactive species,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 486, no. February, p. 150218, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.150218.
13. Z. Xu et al., “Study on the effective removal of chlorpyrifos from water by dielectric barrier discharge ( DBD ) plasma : The influence of reactive species and different water components,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 473, p. 144755, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.144755.
14. B. Wang, J. Kong, and X. L. Key, “Preparation of MoO3γ-Al2O3 sulfur-resistant methanation catalyst with segmented plasma fluidized bed.pdf,” 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2025.02.014.
15. J. Lou, H. Han, Z. Zhang, C. Feng, J. An, and X. Wang, “Citric acid modulated strong magnetic CoFe-LDH / CoFe 2 O 4 coupled dielectric barrier discharge plasma for efficient levofloxacin degradation : Enhanced internal electric field and accelerated electron migration,” J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 480, p. 136077, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136077.
16. C. Oberste-Beulmann et al., “A SDBD Reactor for the Removal of Oxygen Traces in Hydrogen Operated above Atmospheric Pressure : Experiment and Simulation,” Plasma Chem. Plasma Process., vol. 45, pp. 1415–1430, 2025, doi: Awakowicz2,.
17. Y. Zhao, E. Hu, H. Ren, Z. Luo, G. Yin, and Z. Huang, “Modulating the dry reforming of CH 4 via non-thermal plasma under varied electrical waveforms,” J. Energy Inst., vol. 123, p. 102297, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102297.
18. D. Filice and S. Coulombe, “Observation and characterization of discharge mode transition in a three-electrode atmospheric pressure RF plasma system,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., vol. 34, no. 095015 (18pp), 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ae05c7.
19. C. Liu et al., “Based on size-exclusion effect of selective removal of organic pollutants in complex water quality by low temperature plasma : Degradation behavior and selective mechanism analysis,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 354, p. 129252, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129252.
20. Y. Xia et al., “Zn / Fe-MOF-Derived Carbon Nanofibers via Electrospinning for Efficient Plasma-Catalytic Antibiotic Removal,” catalysts, vol. 15, p. 944, 2025, doi: doi.org/10.3390/catal15100944.
21. N. Sunder, Y. Y. Fong, and S. L. S. Mun, “Preliminary Study on Syngas Production from a CO 2 and CH 4 Mixture via Non-Thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Incorporated with Metal – Organic Frameworks,” J. Compos. Sci., vol. 9, p. 148, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ jcs9040148.
22. Y. Liu, Z. Ning, M. Fang, X. Zhang, H. Guo, and M. An, “Rapid charge transfer and O 3 selective catalysis induced by B-doped nanoconfined reactor realized complete Cu-EDTA decomplexation : Significant role of BC 3 conformation,” Water Res., vol. 278, p. 123393, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123393.
23. D. P. Fuentes et al., “Plasma Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Cell Design and Experimental Set-Up for Operando-DRIFTS Investigations on Plasma-Induced Heterogeneous Catalyzed Reactions,” Chemistry—Methods, vol. 5, p. e202500057, 2025, doi: 10.1002/cmtd.202500057.
24. C. Vanlalhmingmawia, H. Moradi, Y. J. Kim, D. Kim, and J. Yang, “Synergy of nonthermal plasma and immobilized nanopillars-Ag ( TiO 2 ) for the efficient degradation of antibiotics : Insight studies on plasma induced photocatalysis and degradation mechanism,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 509, p. 161335, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.161335.