Authors :
Milky Mariel P. Josue; Khristine Joy F. Maylem; Kurt Mic Jesster M. Sagao; Jose S. Sabaulan
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/yc48a837
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/mtwcxuen
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May1763
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
This study examined Medical students' allowance allocation and spending practices and their relationships with
selected demographic variables. A quantitative descriptive–correlational research design was employed involving 240
second-year students from the College of Nursing, Public Health, and Midwifery. Data were gathered using a structured
questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, weighted means, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Findings
revealed that most respondents were female Nursing students aged 19–20, receiving weekly allowances below ₱1,500.00,
with parents commonly engaged in skilled and professional occupations. The respondents demonstrated generally positive
allowance allocation practices, particularly in prioritizing needs, monitoring expenses, and ensuring their allowance lasts
throughout the week, although structured budgeting and emergency fund allocation were practiced less consistently. In
terms of spending practices, students showed mindful behavior such as price consideration, discount-seeking, and postpurchase reflection, but they were also influenced by impulsive and emotion-based spending. Statistical analysis showed no
significant differences in allowance allocation and spending practices when grouped according to demographic profile.
However, a significant relationship was found between allowance allocation and spending practices, indicating that better
financial planning is associated with more controlled spending behavior. The study concludes that while medical students
exhibit generally responsible financial behaviors, improvements are needed in structured budgeting and impulse control. It
recommends implementing financial literacy programs, budgeting tools, and behavioral interventions to enhance students’
financial management skills and promote long-term financial discipline.
Keywords :
Allowance Allocation, Spending Practices.
References :
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Armelia, D. (2021). Financial management behavior among university students. Journal of Financial Behavior, 6(2), 45–58.
- Arnett, J. J. (2021). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Atkinson, A., & Messy, F. (2021). Financial education and financial behavior of young adults. OECD Journal: Financial Literacy, 2021(2), 45–62.
- Atkinson, A., McKay, S., & Kempson, E. (2022). Financial capability and young adults: Building financial resilience. Journal of Consumer Policy, 45(2), 201–218.
- Bachmann, K., Hens, T., & Wittmann, M. (2020). Financial literacy and financial planning: Implications for financial well-being. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 31(2), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1891/JFCP-19-00025
- Banquerigo, M. A., Dela Cruz, R. P., & Santos, L. T. (2024). Financial behavior and allowance management of college students in Philippine universities. Journal of Student Financial Studies, 6(1), 45–59.
- Bialowolski, P., Weziak-Bialowolska, D., & McNeely, E. (2020). The role of materialism in financial behavior and debt accumulation. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 54(1), 25–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12246
- Brau, J. C., Holmes, A. L., & Israelsen, C. L. (2020). Financial literacy among college students. Financial Services Review, 29(3), 205–220.
- Cainglet, Y. P., Hortillo, J. N. M., & Tan, R. D. (2022). Financial literacy, attitude, and behavior of female and male college students: The case of the University of the Philippines Visayas. Philippine Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 27, 52–70.
- Choong Chiau Yee, Lim Yong Cheng, & Ng Sin Ring. (2023). Analysis of factors that influence budget practices among college students in Malaysia. University Tunku Abdul Rahman.
- Cobb Global Outreach. (2024). The state of financial literacy education in schools. Cobb Global Outreach Research Publications.
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Daculan, A. G. (2025). Financial knowledge, saving habits, and spending practices among fourth-year students in the University of Eastern Philippines. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports, 19(9), 74–92.
- Daculan, M. R., Perez, J. A., & Villanueva, S. L. (2025). Financial literacy, allowance management, and student well-being among marginalized youth. Philippine Journal of Education and Social Policy, 10(1), 33–49.
- De Jesus, M., & De Jesus, J. (2021). Financial planning behavior and financial literacy among college students. International Journal of Financial Studies, 9(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs9040067
- Decena, M., Salazar, R., & Cruz, P. (2022). Financial behavior and spending patterns of university students. Philippine Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 89–102.
- Dela Peña, H., Puzon, H. J., Villamil, C., & Culajara, C. L. B. (2024). Financial literacy and financial stress among college students within Davao Region. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(6), 509–522.
- Dela Torre, J. M. Y., Jangao, J. P. P., Maghilum, J. T., Man-onan, R. J. H., Pepito, S. G., Rapirap, G. P., & Cervantes, J. Z. (2025). The impact of personal budgeting skills on college students’ financial stability. Research Journal in Business and Economics, 3(3), 199–205.
- Department of Education. (2021). DepEd Order No. 022, s. 2021: Financial education policy. Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines.
- Dorog, J. L., Ramirez, K. S., & Tolentino, M. A. (2024). Budgeting behavior and financial challenges of tertiary students. International Journal of Business and Economic Development, 12(2), 88–102.
- Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149
- Gamboa, C., Garcia, R. A., Mejia, P., Nubla, S., Pangilinan, J., & Calma, M. C. (2025). Exploring the effect of digital payments on student spending behavior. International Journal of Academic Accounting, Finance & Management Research, 9(6), 318–336.
- Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2020). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Gregori, R. T., Tuvilla, P. L., & Susada, J. M. (2025). Financial literacy of college students. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 51(8), 782–793.
- Hassan, N., & Wahid, N. (2023). Allowance management and spending practices of university students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(2), 145–158.
- Jamilakhon, T., Ismail, N., & Rahman, R. (2020). Materialism and financial behavior among young adults. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 21(4), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2020.1816284
- Jorgensen, B. L., Rappleyea, D. L., Schweichler, J. T., & Fang, X. (2017). The financial behavior of emerging adults: A family financial socialization approach. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 38(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-015-9481-0
- Jumawan-Powao, A. L., Reyes, F. C., & Mendoza, H. R. (2024). Parental income and spending patterns of Filipino college students. Philippine Journal of Social Sciences, 49(1), 21–35.
- Kamis, R. A., Abdullah, N. A., & Hamzah, M. I. (2020). Socio-demographic determinants of spending behavior among college students. Journal of Consumer and Financial Studies, 8(2), 101–115.
- Kwenda, F., & Obagbuwa, C. (2020). Financial attitudes and purchasing behavior of university students. International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, 6(4), 72–81.
- Lalmuanpuia, J. (2021). Determinants of budgeting behavior among university students. Asian Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(3), 112–124.
- Lalosa, J. P. (2020). Financial literacy and parental influence among university students. University of Eastern Philippines Research Journal, 14(1), 55–68.
- LeBaron-Black, A. B., Robb, C. A., & Dutton, K. M. (2025). Financial behavior among emerging adults. In Flourishing and floundering financially in emerging adulthood: A handbook. Oxford University Press.
- Leyco, C. (2022). Inflation pressures and household financial challenges in the Philippines. BusinessWorld Online.
- Lucero, A. D., Dalde, P. E. C., Evangelista, A. Q., Pascual, H. L., Santiago, K. A. E., & Locading, O. H. (2024). Budgeting practices of financial management students of Tarlac Agricultural University. Business Fora Digital Journal Philippines, 2(1), 34–46.
- Lusardi, A. (2022). Financial literacy and the need for financial education: Evidence and implications. Journal of Economic Education, 53(3), 215–230.
- Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
- Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2021). Financial literacy and planning: Implications for retirement well-being. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(2), 145–170.
- Mollah, M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Rahman, M. M. (2020). Budgeting and financial decision-making in organizational success. Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(3), 45–58.
- Nicolas, F. M. (2022). Financial literacy among Filipinos: Implications for education and policy. Bangko Sentral Review, 4(2), 1–10.
- Obagbuwa, C., Kwenda, F., & Adebola, S. A. (2021). Financial knowledge, attitudes, and responsible spending behavior of students. Journal of Financial Education, 47(1), 67–85.
- Obagbuwa, O., & Kwenda, F. (2020). Financial literacy and financial behavior among young adults. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 44(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12577
- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Financial literacy and financial inclusion: Global trends and challenges. OECD Publishing.
- OECD. (2020). OECD/INFE 2020 international survey of adult financial literacy. OECD Publishing.
- OECD. (2023). Financial literacy of young people: Insights and policy recommendations. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/finance/financial-education/
- Peralta, J. C., Ramos, A. L., & De Vera, K. M. (2024). Budgeting practices and financial mindfulness among college students. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business and Finance, 9(2), 90–104.
- Quadlin, N., & Rudel, S. (2021). Students’ financial attitudes and financial behavior. Sociological Perspectives, 64(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121420977181
- Qualin, P., Garcia, R., & Santos, M. (2021). Financial literacy and spending behavior among college students. Journal of Financial Education, 47(2), 89–104.
- Rismiyanti, R. (2020). Financial management among university students. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 10(3), 125–130.
- Robertson-Rose, L. (2020). Financial socialization and financial literacy among young adults. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 54(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12283
- Rosal, A. S., Casagan, C. S. G., Bernasor, D. B., Tuloy, S. D., Dalisay, K. S., Bustamante, M. C., & Villamil, M. V. D. (2025). The impact of financial support on student expenses among senior high school students. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 10(2), 131–153.
- Ruha, A. M. (2023). Spending patterns and saving behavior of college students. In M. A. Banquerigo , et. al. (2024), Financial behavior and allowance management of college students in Philippine universities (pp. 45–59). Journal of Student Financial Studies.
- Sabri, M. F., & Aw, E. C. X. (2020). Financial behavior and money management among young adults. Asian Education and Development Studies, 9(4), 567–579.
- Sarmiento, A. G. M. (2024). Buy now, think later: Financial literacy and impulse buying behavior among college students in the City of Malolos—International Journal of Social Science and Human Management Research, 3(11).
- Serido, J., Tang, C., Ahn, S. Y., & Shim, S. (2020). Financial behavior change and progress toward self-sufficiency. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696819861467
- Siegrist, C., & Wuttke, E. (2021). What influences the financial literacy of young adults? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 663254. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663254
- Shim, S., Barber, B. L., Card, N. A., Xiao, J. J., & Serido, J. (2019). Financial socialization of first-year college students: The roles of parents, work, and education. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(2), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0976-8
- Singh, R. (2020). Financial literacy and debt behavior among university students. Journal of Economic Psychology, 76, 102245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2019.102245
- Singh, R., Kumar, A., & Mishra, P. (2020). Gender, locality, and spending patterns of university students. International Journal of Social Economics, 47(9), 1123–1138.
- Sotiropoulos, V., & d’Astous, A. (2021). The influence of digital payment methods on consumer spending behavior. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 20(3), 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1893
- Supieza, R. M., Navarro, P. D., & Lim, A. C. (2025). Overspending and financial self-regulation among Filipino college students. Philippine Journal of Business Education, 9(1), 63–78.
- Torres, J., Geronimo, E., Estabas, E. M., Banquerigo, N., Buenaflor, E. F., Serapio, J. C., & Vidal, F. A. (2024). Mental accounting practices and spending behavior of collegiate students at National University, Baliwag. SEISENSE Business Review, 4(1), 181–199.
- Vital, J. M., Oreta, M. C., Espiritu, M., Ramos, R., & Ramos, S. J. E. (2025). Effects of financial literacy on the spending practices of selected senior high school students in Gumaca, Quezon. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 41(10), 1155–1168.
- Xiao, J. J. (2008). Applying behavior theories to financial behavior. In J. J. Xiao (Ed.), Handbook of consumer finance research (pp. 69–81). Springer.
- Xiao, J. J., & Dew, J. (2011). The financial management behavior scale: Development and validation. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 22(1), 43–59.
- Xiao, J. J., & Porto, N. (2021). Financial education and financial satisfaction: Financial literacy, behavior, and capability as mediators. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(7), 1247–1267.
- Xiao, J. J., & Porto, N. (2022). Financial planning and spending behavior among college students. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46(2), 310–322.
- Xiao, J. J., Tang, C., & Shim, S. (2018). Acting for happiness: Financial behavior and life satisfaction of college students. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 52(2), 420–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12157
This study examined Medical students' allowance allocation and spending practices and their relationships with
selected demographic variables. A quantitative descriptive–correlational research design was employed involving 240
second-year students from the College of Nursing, Public Health, and Midwifery. Data were gathered using a structured
questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, weighted means, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Findings
revealed that most respondents were female Nursing students aged 19–20, receiving weekly allowances below ₱1,500.00,
with parents commonly engaged in skilled and professional occupations. The respondents demonstrated generally positive
allowance allocation practices, particularly in prioritizing needs, monitoring expenses, and ensuring their allowance lasts
throughout the week, although structured budgeting and emergency fund allocation were practiced less consistently. In
terms of spending practices, students showed mindful behavior such as price consideration, discount-seeking, and postpurchase reflection, but they were also influenced by impulsive and emotion-based spending. Statistical analysis showed no
significant differences in allowance allocation and spending practices when grouped according to demographic profile.
However, a significant relationship was found between allowance allocation and spending practices, indicating that better
financial planning is associated with more controlled spending behavior. The study concludes that while medical students
exhibit generally responsible financial behaviors, improvements are needed in structured budgeting and impulse control. It
recommends implementing financial literacy programs, budgeting tools, and behavioral interventions to enhance students’
financial management skills and promote long-term financial discipline.
Keywords :
Allowance Allocation, Spending Practices.