Authors : V. Indira Priyadarsini

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May

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Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/nhfhexkm

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2rkn2p2m

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May518

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

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Abstract : The rapid expansion of renewable energy hubs in 2026 has intensified transmission congestion in deregulated power markets, making Available Transmission Capability (ATC) a critical operational metric. This paper presents an AI‑driven Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) framework that enhances ATC without requiring physical transmission expansion. Using the mathematical Power Injection Model, the UPFC is integrated into Newton–Raphson power flow analysis through controlled active and reactive power injections at its terminal buses, enabling dynamic steering of real power flows across congested corridors. As stated in the attached document, “the UPFC consists of a series voltage source Vse and a shunt current source Ish,” which together allow operators to reshape network flows in real time.

Keywords : UPFC, ATC, Power Injection Model, TCN, DRL, FACTS, Congestion Management.

References :

1. Federal University of Technology Minna. Power Transfer Enhancement and Optimal Power System Security by use of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).
2. ResearchGate (2025). State‑of‑the‑Art on the Protection of FACTS Compensated High Voltage Transmission Lines: A Review.
3. ResearchGate (2026). Enhancement of Power Transfer Capability by using IGBT‑based Unified Power Flow Controller.
4. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (2026). AI‑Enhanced FACTS Devices for Modern Smart Grids.
5. Elsevier: Electric Power Systems Research (2026). Evaluating ATC in the Presence of Multiple UPFC Units using Metaheuristic Algorithms.