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AI Dependency in Numeracy, Reading and Writing and its Relationship to Critical Thinking Among First-Year Hospitality Management Students


Authors : Kristen Q. Butaya; Cindy Mae P. Kibos; Jonathan S. Egam; Vina P. Antonio

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/msxbsppd

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3f8fhkww

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May053

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Abstract : This study examined the relationship between AI dependency and critical thinking among first-year Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) students. Anchored on the Cognitive Offloading Theory of Risko and Gilbert (2016), the study emphasized that the use of external tools such as artificial intelligence can reduce cognitive load while supporting learning processes. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the level of AI dependency in terms of numeracy, reading, and writing, assess the level of critical thinking skills, and examine the significant relationship between AI dependency and critical thinking among first-year BSHM students. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design and was conducted at IBA College of Mindanao Inc.. The respondents consisted of 132 first-year BSHM students selected through convenience sampling. Survey questionnaires patterned from the studies by Capinding A. T. (2024) and Kobylarek et al. (2022) were used as the primary data-gathering instruments. The mean and standard deviation were used to assess the levels of AI dependency and critical thinking, while Pearson's r was used to examine the significant relationship between the variables. Findings revealed that the respondents demonstrated a high level of AI dependency, particularly in writing, followed by reading and numeracy. The students also exhibited a high level of critical thinking. Furthermore, writing dependency and numeracy dependency showed significant positive relationships with critical thinking, while reading dependency did not show a significant relationship. Overall, AI dependency was found to have a moderate and statistically significant relationship with critical thinking. The study concluded that AI, when utilized as a learning support rather than a replacement for thinking, can complement students’ cognitive development. It is recommended that educational institutions promote responsible AI use and design learning activities that strengthen critical analysis and independent reasoning.

Keywords : AI Dependency, Critical Thinking, Numeracy, Writing, Hospitality Management Students.

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This study examined the relationship between AI dependency and critical thinking among first-year Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) students. Anchored on the Cognitive Offloading Theory of Risko and Gilbert (2016), the study emphasized that the use of external tools such as artificial intelligence can reduce cognitive load while supporting learning processes. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the level of AI dependency in terms of numeracy, reading, and writing, assess the level of critical thinking skills, and examine the significant relationship between AI dependency and critical thinking among first-year BSHM students. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design and was conducted at IBA College of Mindanao Inc.. The respondents consisted of 132 first-year BSHM students selected through convenience sampling. Survey questionnaires patterned from the studies by Capinding A. T. (2024) and Kobylarek et al. (2022) were used as the primary data-gathering instruments. The mean and standard deviation were used to assess the levels of AI dependency and critical thinking, while Pearson's r was used to examine the significant relationship between the variables. Findings revealed that the respondents demonstrated a high level of AI dependency, particularly in writing, followed by reading and numeracy. The students also exhibited a high level of critical thinking. Furthermore, writing dependency and numeracy dependency showed significant positive relationships with critical thinking, while reading dependency did not show a significant relationship. Overall, AI dependency was found to have a moderate and statistically significant relationship with critical thinking. The study concluded that AI, when utilized as a learning support rather than a replacement for thinking, can complement students’ cognitive development. It is recommended that educational institutions promote responsible AI use and design learning activities that strengthen critical analysis and independent reasoning.

Keywords : AI Dependency, Critical Thinking, Numeracy, Writing, Hospitality Management Students.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - May - 2026

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