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Acid Mine Drainage Prediction from Sulfide Ores Stockpiled at Kamoa Copper (DRC) : A Combined Static and Kinetic Testing Approach


Authors : Patrick Kashala Mpanga; Zeka Mujinga; Yvette Kasongo Kabulo; Guy Nkulu Wa Ngoy; Jhon Tshomba Kalumbu

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 5 - May


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2m9u6mwc

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/jxd4zv29

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26May1485

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : As surface oxide ores are depleted, mining operations in the Central African Copperbelt increasingly exploit deeper sulfide deposits. The storage of these sulfide materials under atmospheric conditions raises the risk of acid mine drainage (AMD). This study evaluates the acid-generating potential (AGP) of stockpiled ores at Kamoa Copper (Kamoa, Kakula, Kansoko sites) using a comprehensive methodology including mineralogical characterization (XRD, SEM-EDS), chemical analyses, static tests (ABA, NAG, paste pH), and kinetic humidity cell tests (ASTM D57446-18).

Keywords : Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), Sulfide Ores, Static Tests, Kinetic Tests, Acid-Generating Potential, Kamoa Copper, Stockpiling.

References :

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  2. D. Holland & K. K. Turekian (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry (Vol. 9, pp. 149–204). Elsevier.
  3. Elberling, B., Nicholson, R. V., & Scharer, J. M. (1994). A combined kinetic and diffusion model for pyrite oxidation in tailings: a change in controls with time. Journal of Hydrology, 157(1-4), 47–60.
  4. Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. (2023). *Kamoa-Kakula Integrated Development Plan 2023*.
  5. Johnson, D. B., & Hallberg, K. B. (2005). Acid mine drainage remediation options: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 338(1-2), 3–14.
  6. MEND (Mine Environment Neutral Drainage). (2009). Prediction Manual for Drainage Chemistry from Sulphidic Geologic Materials (Report 1.20.1). CANMET.
  7. Miller, S., Robertson, A., & Donahue, T. (1997). Advances in acid drainage prediction using the net acid generating (NAG) test. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, 533–547.
  8. Nordstrom, D. K., & Alpers, C. N. (1999). Geochemistry of acid mine waters. In G. S. Plumlee & M. J. Logsdon (Eds.), The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits (Vol. 6A, pp. 133–160). Society of Economic Geologists.
  9. Price, W. A. (2009). Guidelines for the Prediction of Acid Rock Drainage and Metal Leaching for Mines in British Columbia. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources.
  10. Sobek, A. A., Schuller, W. A., Freeman, J. R., & Smith, R. M. (1978). Field and Laboratory Methods Applicable to Overburdens and Mine Soils (EPA-600/2-78-054). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

As surface oxide ores are depleted, mining operations in the Central African Copperbelt increasingly exploit deeper sulfide deposits. The storage of these sulfide materials under atmospheric conditions raises the risk of acid mine drainage (AMD). This study evaluates the acid-generating potential (AGP) of stockpiled ores at Kamoa Copper (Kamoa, Kakula, Kansoko sites) using a comprehensive methodology including mineralogical characterization (XRD, SEM-EDS), chemical analyses, static tests (ABA, NAG, paste pH), and kinetic humidity cell tests (ASTM D57446-18).

Keywords : Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), Sulfide Ores, Static Tests, Kinetic Tests, Acid-Generating Potential, Kamoa Copper, Stockpiling.

Paper Submission Last Date
30 - June - 2026

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