The term "CAD" stands for "coronary artery disease." The majority of deaths are caused by it globally. It is a disorder when the heart can no longer adequately pump blood to the body's tissues because to a build-up of plaque in the blood arteries (a condition known as atherosclerosis). Heart failure can result from this condition. The main risk factors for CAD are hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, inactivity, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein and blood sugar. Medical, surgical, and herbal treatments are currently available. While this treatment can increase a patient's quality of life and chances of survival, it has no effect on the speed of the disease. Clinical researchers have been working with biotechnology and tissue engineering to identify new therapeutic approaches that may result in stem cell therapy, nanotechnology, gene therapy treatments, and robots. The primary goals of these innovative methods are to lessen and heal myocardial damage and enhance blood flow to the ischemic heart's myocardium. Clinical studies on stem cell-based therapy have produced effective and hopeful outcomes, including decreased myocardial cell death, decreased scarring, increased angiogenesis, and improved heart function. The development of a nanotechnology method that aids in targeted drug distribution, boosts therapeutic effectiveness, and lengthens the duration of action. A novel approach is gene therapy, which promotes angiogenesis. These emerging treatments have the potential to be potent substitutes for current treatment modalities thanks to the significant and ongoing work of researchers and doctors around the world.

Keywords : Atherosclerosis, Coronary artery disease, stem cell, Nanotechnology, Gene therapy.