Salmonella is a group of rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are gram-negative and facultatively anaerobic. These bacteria reside mainly in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals. The pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi primarily causes typhoid fever, a disease specific to humans. Salmonella can exist in the human gallbladder in an asymptomatic carrier state. Salmonella species have the capability to form biofilms. The production of biofilms serves as an advantage because bacteria in the biofilm are resistant to chemical, physical, and mechanical stresses as well as disinfectants. Biofilm formation also assists in Salmonella virulence. It is because the bacterial biofilm serves as a resistant barrier to antibiotics and immune attacks by the host. This results in a chronic infection accompanied by the development of Salmonella carrier state. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of Salmonella biofilm formation, factors affecting biofilm formation, complications arising from biofilm formation, and available treatments for biofilm-mediated infections.

Keywords : Salmonella; Biofilm Formation; Gall Bladder; Typhoid; Antibiotic Resistance; Factors; Complication; Treatment.