Authors : Dr. Venugopal Reddy. I .; Dr. V. Sudeep Teja Reddy

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 2 - February

Google Scholar : http://tinyurl.com/3ypaysw9

Scribd : http://tinyurl.com/54am8ven

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10715811

Abstract : BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neonatal jaundice is generally physiological and benign, but it is dangerous in developing countries because it causes neurological damage and causes death and disease. Since the immune system is weak, jaundice in newborns is more common, more severe, lasts longer and can lead to more mental disorders. Over the past few years, scientists have evaluated many risks. However, so far there has been no agreement on the process for initiating medical imaging and transfer, especially for babies with low birth weight and risk factors. This study aims to determine the prevalence, etiology, risk factors and response to treatment of hyperbilirubinemia and to compare preterm and preterm children. METHODS: A total of 1792 newborns born between November 2011 and October 2013 at Narayana Medical College Hospital were monitored for the development of hyperbilirubinemia. 180 infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia were admitted to the NICU and treated according to the department's protocol. Associated risk factors are also noted. Among them, 33 low-birth-weight infants and 67 low-birth-weight infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from the sample to determine the degree, causes and effects of hyperbilirubinemia. .Call as you wish. Finally, the data were analyzed for significance using statistical tests and the results were presented using standard deviations, frequency tables, and graphs. RESULTS: The prevalence of significant hyperbilirubinemia was 10.04% and increased with decreasing birth weight. There was a clear male preference in 58.0% of affected infants. Premature infants, LBW mothers aged 19 to 22 years, and NBW infants aged 21 to 26 years are at higher risk for birth asphyxia, sepsis, and polycythemia. Sepsis (23.0%), ABO incompatibility (20.0%) and Rh incompatibility (6.0%) were the most common causes. The main symptoms observed in newborns were ABO blood incompatibility (14.0%), sepsis (10.0%) and polycythemia (10.0%). 16.4% overall and cephalic hematoma (7.5%). Significant hyperbilirubinemia occurs earlier in term infants (60.0-69.9 hours) than in term infants (73.94 hours). Treatment duration is longer in neonates (57.50 hours versus 49.40 hours). Peak serum bilirubin is higher in low birth weight children (17.89 vs 16.20 mg/dl). Low birth weight babies need more flexibility. CONCLUSIONS: Physiological jaundice occurs in most infants, but infants with certain risk factors develop exaggerated physiological and pathological jaundice, leading to marked hyperbilirubinemia. In the study, low birth weight, premature birth, advanced maternal age, birth asphyxia, sepsis, exclusive breastfeeding and polycythemia were determined as factors. However, gender, jaundiced relatives needing treatment, mother's diabetes, pregnancy due to high blood pressure, body not being able to give birth, childbirth, meconium-stained fluid, etc. It has been shown that some important factors such as do not cause hyperbilirubinemia. . While mismatch-related hyperbilirubinemia, sepsis and polycythemia cover a large proportion of newborn babies, sepsis and cephalohematoma are the causes of serious birth defects. Hyperbilirubinemia occurs early in the neonatal period, but lasts longer and requires long- term treatment. Low birth weight babies need more flexibility. Further analysis can be performed using prospective studies in infants using hourly bilirubin levels to identify infants at risk of hyperbilirubinemia.

Keywords : Hyperbilirubinemia; Jaundice; Birth Weight; Prematurity; Bilirubin; Phototherapy; Exchange Transfusion.