Authors :
Gokul D; Jenica Muthuvel Jayachandran; Manoj Kumar K; Sonali; Varshitha D; Angel Saravana Priya; Gobika MJ; Achyuth Vaibhav; Asish Alex; Kamali Ravichandran; Jeevapriya Ravi; Arun Murugan S
Volume/Issue :
Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 5 - May
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/ym8rbfd6
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25may885
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Background:
Particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major cause
of mother and fetal morbidity and death. In South India, the prevalence of PIH ranges from 7% to 10%, depending on a
number of lifestyle and sociodemographic variables. The goal of the current study is to investigate the connection between
prenatal risk factors and PIH in women who visit Chennai's tertiary care institutions.
Methods:
From November 2024 to January 2025, two tertiary care facilities in Chennai participated in a case-control research.
There were 80 individuals in all, 40 of whom were PIH patients and 40 of whom were controls. A pretested semi-structured
questionnaire was used to gather data, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. To determine the risk variables
for PIH, binary logistic regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted, were employed.
Results:
Reduced interpregnancy intervals (AOR = 0.211, p = 0.03), a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (AOR = 7.595, p
= 0.17), an increased gestational age (AOR = 4.243, p = 0.035), daily consumption of salt exceeding 6g (AOR = 8.188, p =
0.02), and consumption of more than 2 cups of coffee per day (AOR = 38.924, p = 0.04) were all strongly correlated with
PIH. Socioeconomic level and PIH did not significantly correlate (p > 0.05).
Discussion:
The findings emphasize the role of coffee drinking, salt intake, gestational diabetes history, and interpregnancy gap in
the development of PIH. These findings support the necessity of food and lifestyle modification counselling during prenatal
care for women with a history of gestational diabetes or shorter interpregnancy intervals, notwithstanding several
limitations, including recollection bias and selection bias.
Conclusion:
Short interpregnancy intervals, a history of gestational diabetes, excessive salt intake, and heavy coffee consumption
are among the important modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for PIH identified in this study. Although
socioeconomic status was not found to be a role, further research is necessary to determine the wider socioeconomic and
cultural determinants, particularly in contexts with limited resources, so that targeted treatments may be developed to
prevent PIH.
Keywords :
PIH, Antenatal Risk Factors, Diet, South Indian Women, Chennai.
References :
- Tharakan.S. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pregnancy Induced Hypertension In a Tertiary care Hospital in Chennai. Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;: 215-220.
- Balasubramanian S VMRV. Risk factors for Pregnancy induced Hypertension in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Hypertension in pregnancy. 2016; 25(1): 22-27.
- Das A HKBea. Socio-economic factors influencing pregnancy-induced hypertension in Tamil Nadu, India.. Indian Journal Of Public Health. 2020; 64(3): 256-261.
- Subramanian K RPKNea. Impact of age and parity on risk of pregnancy in hypertention: A case control study from Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Journal of Hypertension. 2017; 21(3): 211-218.
- Kumar N RRSS. Family history of hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension: Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India.. BMC Preganancy and Childbirth. 2017; 17(1): 452.
- Jayakumar A SSSS. Prevalence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension in south India: A hospital based study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics, and Gynecology. 2019; 8(6): 2398-2403.
- HB Kahsay GFAW. Risk factors for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among mothers in Tigray region, Ethiopia: matched case-control study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2018; 18(1): 482.
- Kintiraki E PSKGGDKV. pregnancy induced hypertension. Hormones(athens). 2015; 14(2): 211-223.
Background:
Particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major cause
of mother and fetal morbidity and death. In South India, the prevalence of PIH ranges from 7% to 10%, depending on a
number of lifestyle and sociodemographic variables. The goal of the current study is to investigate the connection between
prenatal risk factors and PIH in women who visit Chennai's tertiary care institutions.
Methods:
From November 2024 to January 2025, two tertiary care facilities in Chennai participated in a case-control research.
There were 80 individuals in all, 40 of whom were PIH patients and 40 of whom were controls. A pretested semi-structured
questionnaire was used to gather data, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. To determine the risk variables
for PIH, binary logistic regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted, were employed.
Results:
Reduced interpregnancy intervals (AOR = 0.211, p = 0.03), a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (AOR = 7.595, p
= 0.17), an increased gestational age (AOR = 4.243, p = 0.035), daily consumption of salt exceeding 6g (AOR = 8.188, p =
0.02), and consumption of more than 2 cups of coffee per day (AOR = 38.924, p = 0.04) were all strongly correlated with
PIH. Socioeconomic level and PIH did not significantly correlate (p > 0.05).
Discussion:
The findings emphasize the role of coffee drinking, salt intake, gestational diabetes history, and interpregnancy gap in
the development of PIH. These findings support the necessity of food and lifestyle modification counselling during prenatal
care for women with a history of gestational diabetes or shorter interpregnancy intervals, notwithstanding several
limitations, including recollection bias and selection bias.
Conclusion:
Short interpregnancy intervals, a history of gestational diabetes, excessive salt intake, and heavy coffee consumption
are among the important modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for PIH identified in this study. Although
socioeconomic status was not found to be a role, further research is necessary to determine the wider socioeconomic and
cultural determinants, particularly in contexts with limited resources, so that targeted treatments may be developed to
prevent PIH.
Keywords :
PIH, Antenatal Risk Factors, Diet, South Indian Women, Chennai.
